Anhydrous formulations contain no intentionally added water and are commonly used for oils, balms, sticks, lip products and other water-free cosmetics.

The aqueous phase is the water-rich part of a cosmetic formulation and contains water-soluble ingredients such as humectants, polymers, acids and actives.

An active ingredient is selected in a cosmetic formulation to provide a defined cosmetic effect, such as moisturising, conditioning or antioxidant protection.

Phenethyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient, masking agent and supporting component of preservation systems.

Glutamic acid is an amino acid naturally found in the skin’s NMF and used in cosmetics for moisturising, skin conditioning and hair care.

Grapefruit peel oil is a citrus essential oil used in cosmetics primarily for fragrance and masking, with applications across skin and hair care products.

Juniper fruit extract is a botanical cosmetic ingredient used for skin conditioning and antioxidant-focused skin care formulations.

Lawsone is the natural colouring molecule in henna, used in cosmetics primarily for hair colouring and temporary skin staining.

Juglans nigra-derived ingredients are used in cosmetics for emollient, skin-conditioning, astringent and cleansing applications.

Coriander seed oil is a plant-derived emollient used in cosmetics for skin conditioning, moisturising and hair care applications.

Camellia japonica seed oil is a botanical emollient rich in oleic acid, used in cosmetics for skin conditioning, moisturising and hair care.

Tranexamic acid is a water-soluble cosmetic ingredient used in skin care formulations targeting uneven skin tone and the appearance of hyperpigmentation.

Azelaic acid is a dicarboxylic acid used in skin care for blemish-prone, redness-prone and uneven-toned skin.

Oxybenzone is a UV-absorbing cosmetic ingredient used in sunscreen formulations to help protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation.

Ubiquinone, or CoQ10, is an antioxidant cosmetic ingredient used to help protect the skin from free radical damage and support skin conditioning.

Octinoxate is a UV filter used in sunscreen and sun care products to absorb ultraviolet radiation and help protect the skin from UV exposure.

Black seed oil is a botanical emollient used in cosmetics for skin conditioning and perfuming, with naturally occurring antimicrobial properties.

Licorice root extract is a botanical cosmetic ingredient used for soothing, smoothing, moisturising and emollient skin care applications.

Sesame seed oil is a nourishing botanical emollient used in cosmetics for skin conditioning, hair care, moisturisation and protective formulations.

Centella asiatica extract is a botanical cosmetic ingredient used for cleansing, skin conditioning, smoothing, soothing and toning applications.

Castor seed oil is a glossy, emollient botanical oil used in cosmetics for skin conditioning, moisturising, smoothing and hair care.

Vitamin E is an oil-soluble antioxidant widely used in cosmetics for skin conditioning and protection against oxidative stress.

Green clay, or montmorillonite, is a mineral cosmetic ingredient used for its absorbent, viscosity-controlling and emulsion-stabilising properties.

White clay, or kaolin, is a mineral cosmetic ingredient valued for its absorbent, abrasive, opacifying and bulking properties.

Green tea extract is a botanical cosmetic ingredient valued for its antioxidant, astringent and skin-conditioning properties in skin care products.

Bakuchiol is a plant-derived cosmetic ingredient studied for skin conditioning, blemish-prone skin and visible signs of skin aging.

Alpha hydroxy acids are cosmetic exfoliating ingredients used to remove superficial dead skin cells and improve skin texture, hydration and appearance.

Rosa Canina Hip Seed Oil is a botanical emollient rich in gamma-linolenic acid, used in cosmetic products for skin conditioning and moisturisation.