Knowledge Base
The antibacterial activity of Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract was determined for 56 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 25 isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes, 12 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and seven isolates of Haemophilus influence obtained from 200 clinical specimens of patients with respiratory tract disorders. Leaves contain 70-80% eucalyptol (cineol). Also includes terpineol, sesquiterpene alcohols, aliphatic aldehydes, isoamyl alcohol, ethanol, terpenes. Tannin is not so copious in the leaves as of many other Eucalyptus species. The kino, containing 28,7% kino tannin and 47,9% catechin contains the very antibiotic citriodourol. Fresh leaves contain caffeic and gallic acids, dry leaves, ferulic and gentisic, and quercetol, quercitrine, rutin, and a mixture of quercetol hyperoside and glaucoside. N-titriacontan-16, 18-dione was identified as the compound responsible for antioxidant activity in the leaf wax.
(CAS: 84625-32-1/EINECS: 283-406-2)
Ectoin is a skin conditioner and also functions as a stabiliser. The skin is exposed to numerous stress factors. The better the cells can cope with the stress, the more intensive is the protection of the skin. Ectoin is a natural, active substance with very good membrane and cell protection properties and these are reasons why it is used widely in the cosmetics industry today. It has been shown to some extent that ectoin helps protect skin from UVA damage.
(CAS: 96702-03-3/EINECS:not found)
Carrot seed oil extracted from daucus carota of the Apiaceae family and it is also known as wild carrot and Queen Anne’s lace. This is the essential oil extracted from the seeds and should not be confused with macerated oil made. A source of beta-carotene and provitamin A. Natural colour and skin nutrient. Often used in sun care products. It accelerates the formation of tissue and contributes to an irreproachable skin epithelium. Preparations containing carrot oil are also suited to the care of ageing skin with its tendency to cornification (and incipient wrinkling). In the case of dry and scaly skin, carrot oil stimulates the production of sebum, but not to excess. The skin becomes soft and supple as a result. Carrot oil clears the complexion, it gradually dissolves the hardened (cornified) cores of blackheads. The carrot oil contains a-pinene, carotol, daucol, limonene, b-bisabolene, b-elemene, cs-b-bergamotene, geraniol, geranyl acetate, caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, asarone, alpha-terpineol, terpinen 4-ol, gamma-decanolactone, coumarin and béta-selinene among others.
(CAS: 8015-88-1/EINECS: not found)
Cucurbita Pepo Seed OIl is the oil expressed from the seeds of the pumpkin, Pumpkin seed oil is a highly nourishing and lubricating oil, and is useful for all skin types where it is traditionally used to combat fine lines, superficial dryness. And to prevent moisture loss.
Traditional use: restores skin tissue, supports healing of skin wounds and sores, protects skin from UV damage and absorbs quickly into skin.
(CAS: 8016-49-7/EINECS: 289-741-0)
It has been popular for its cooling, soothing properties since Cleopatra was a girl, and it is still contained in a wide variety of anti-inflammatory, calming, hydrating and refreshing products. These include aftersuns, body lotions, eye pads, skin fresheners and moisturisers as well as treatments for oily skin and tightening agents for sagging or stressed skin. Among many of the virtues are that it is cooling to delicate and inflamed skin, soothing, smoothing and refreshing.In China, the name for this plant is HUa Gua, where it is also known as “Grandmother’s Younger Face Slave”.
(CAS: 89998-01-6/EINECS: 289-738-4)
It is the white, semi solid fat extracted from coconut kernels. Besides being an emollient, it lathers easily, so it is ideal use in baby soap, cleansers, shampoos, and shaving cream. Often blended with other fats, it is also popular in hair styling products, massage creams, ointments, pre-shave lotions and suncare.(ACD: it is an oil and does not lather at all, it saponified easily to produce a sodium or potassium cocoate soap that lathers with a rich, creamy foam). Coconut oil is the natural alternative to mineral oil and it is an excellent moisturiser, emollient, and protective to dry and scaly skin. Using coconut oil as a pre wash conditioner can help reduce or eliminate dandruff.
(CAS: 8001-31-8/EINECS: 232-282-8)
Citric Acid is one of the best known and most widely used fruit acids. Its counterpart is a “natural” for buffering cosmetic products to the pH of the skin (5.5, 6.0). It provides a major labelling advantage over hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acids. Citric acid is a very mild acid. At concentrations normally used in cosmetic applications it is non-irritating to the skin and practically odourless.The main commercial source is from the fermentation of crude molasses by strains of Aspergillus niger. It is employed in “artificial lemon” bleach creams and lotions, in hair rinses, bath salts, denture powders, tablets, mouthwashes, nail bleaches and some astringent lotions. A 7% aq. Solution of citric acid approximates to lemon juice but does not possess the vitamin C activity.
(CAS: 77-92-9/EINECS: 201-069-1)
Charcoal Powder is the dried, carbonaceous material obtained from the heating of organic substances. It is a high activity powder carbon for use in continuous and batch dosing water treatment systems. It is manufactured from specific grades of bituminous coal to produce a high quality powder carbon. It is proven in the removal of taste and odour from water by the adsorption of contaminants such as Methyl Isoborneol and Geosmin. It is particularly efficient in the removal of pesticides from water such as Atrazine and Simazine, plus other dissolved organic matter. It can be used in the treatment of drinking water, wastewater (both domestic and industrial) and where colour causing contaminants need to be removed from water. Wet carbon in enclosed filters can deplete oxygen. No adverse effect is expected when applied to the skin, but there is no data to evaluate any effects.
(CAS: 8021-96-6/EINECS: not found)
Cellulose Gum is a modified cellulose polymer used in cosmetic products up to 10%. Most cellulose gums are naturally derived as an unwanted part of the wood pulp process to produce paper. Cellulose is the main constituent in plant fibre. Cotton, for example, is 90% cellulose. Used as a thickening agent and emulsifier, it is widely used in cosmetics, hair and skin care because it swells in water. The cellulose derivatives pass essentially unchanged through the gastrointestinal tract following oral administration. It is practically non toxic when administered by inhalation or by oral, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, or dermal routes. The cellulose derivatives up to 100% were non irritating to mildly irritating, non sensitising, and non photosensitizing when evaluated in clinical studies. It is concluded that the ingredient reviewed is safe as a cosmetic ingredient in the present practices of use and concentration.
(CAS: 9004-32-4/EINECS: not found)
An extract of the flowers of the ylang-ylang, cananga odorata, Annonaceae. Ylang-ylang is extremely effective in calming and bringing about a sense of relaxation. It is antispasmodic, balances equilibrium, said to help with sexual disabilities and frigidity and has been used traditionally to balance heart function. Ylang-ylang in the Malayan language means “flower of flowers”. The scent is very sensual, sweet and reminiscent of almonds. It is mentally relaxing and soothing. It is useful in treating insomnia, anger, anxiety and low-esteem. It is said to relax facial muscles and a massage with ylang-ylang helps to ease tension headaches.
(CAS: 83863-30-3/EINECS: 281-092-1)
Is a stimulating ingredient that occurs naturally in coffee, cola, chocolate, guarana, kola nuts and tea. It is an alkaloid and distantly related to aminophylline, which is often incorporated into anti-cellulite treatments. Employed for its toning, energising effect, it aids the penetration of other ingredients, provides a draining action (making it effective against puffy eyes), reduces flakiness, dryness and damage, and enhances skin suppleness. It is therefore used in bath care, cleansers, eye creams and gels, make-up and shaving preparations. Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that is a psychoactive stimulant drug. Caffeine is found in varying quantities in the beans, leaves and fruit of some plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyses and kills certain insects feeding on the plants. Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, having the effect of temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness. It is also used topically as a skin stimulant and often employed in anticellulite products.
(CAS: 58-082/EINECS: 200-362-1)
Bisabolol
Alpha Bisabolol is the active component of German chamomile oil and is proven to be anti-inflammatory, soothing and healing. It is a very beneficial material that is well documented and proven for its efficacy in protecting and repairing the skin. It has been identified as a natural component of various plants. For example, it has been found in the essential oils of matricaria chamomilla (German Chamomile), Myoporum crassifolium Forst and Vanillosmopsis erythropappa Shultz-Bip. It is used for sensitive skin, sunburn, rubbing, chafing, mechanical scraping (e.g. shaving), soreness, nappy rash and after using chemicals on the skin (e.g. depilation).
(CAS: 515-69-5/EINECS: 208-205-9)
Is also known as Vitamin B7, Vitamin B Factor, Vitamin H and Coenzyme R.
Found naturally in nuts, liver, soy beans, fish, it improves product texture, adds volume and gloss to hair, moisturises and smoothes the skin surface and even strengthens brittle nails. It is therefore used largely as a moisturiser and texturizer in skin care products and hair conditioners, although claims have also been made for healing properties and its suitability in acne treatments.Biotin is a water soluble vitamin used as a hair-conditioning agent and a skin-conditioning agent in many cosmetic products at concentrations ranging from 0,01% to 0,6%. Maximum safe concentration is 1%.
(CAS: 58-85-5/EINECS: 200-399-3)
Hot stamping is a lithography printing process that uses heated image molds or stamping dies to transfer metal foils or pre-dried inks onto a surface.
The hot stamping machine heats an engraved mold or die, which then presses marking foil onto the surface. The foil is deposited only where the hot stamp comes in contact with the product material, allowing engineers to create elegant, embossed designs on parts and assemblies in post-production. Hot stamping foils have three layers: a color layer (which can be pigment or metallic), an adherence base, and a release layer. Innovations in digital printing even enable hot stamping three-dimensional images with holographic foil.
Hot stamping is a versatile, precise, and efficient method for printing on surfaces, and is often used to personalize or decorate products.
Source: https://sybridge.com/
Minimum order quantity is a requirement from some manufacturers for the minimum number of orders to be purchased at one time. This is required in order for manufacturers to remain profitable, as often they work on smaller margins and require large order volumes to generate enough revenue to maintain their business.
The MOQ is typically between 5 to 10,000 pieces for custom cosmetic packaging, and for cosmetic RAW materials, it varies between 1 to 50 kgs, depending on the supplier of the ingredient. Contract manufacturers also have an MOQ, which typically ranges from 2,000 to 10,000 pieces, depending on the manufacturer.
The cosmetic products notification portal (CPNP) is a free of charge online notification system created for the implementation of Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 on cosmetic products. When a product has been notified in the CPNP, there is no need for any further notification at national level within the EU.
Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009EN(Article 13) requires that the responsible persons and, under certain circumstances, the distributors of cosmetic products submit some information about the products they place or make available on the European market through the CPNP.
The CPNP is making this information available electronically to competent authorities (for the purposes of market surveillance, market analysis, evaluation and consumer information) poison centres or similar bodies established by EU countries (for the purposes of medical treatment)
The CPNP is accessible to
- Competent authorities
- European poison centres
- Cosmetic products responsible persons
- Distributors of cosmetic products
Products containing nanomaterials
The CPNP also contains a separate module (Article 16) for cosmetic products containing nanomaterials. This notification has to be done in addition to the notification under Article 13. If the European Commission has concerns regarding the safety of a nanomaterial, it may request the scientific committee on consumer safety to perform a risk assessment.
Letterpress printing in commercial printing, process by which many copies of an image are produced by repeated direct impression of an inked, raised surface against sheets or a continuous roll of paper. Letterpress is the oldest of the traditional printing techniques and remained the only important one from the time of Gutenberg, about 1450, until the development of lithography late in the 18th century and, especially, offset lithography early in the 20th.
Originally the ink-bearing surface for printing a page of text was assembled from individual types by a typesetter or compositor, letter by letter and line by line. The first keyboard-actuated typesetting machines, the Linotype and the Monotype (qq.v.), were introduced in the 1890s. If only a small number of copies is to be made, printing can be done directly from the hand- or machine-set blocks of type assembled in forms, but for long press runs, duplicates—stereotypes or electrotyping (qq.v.)—are made to prevent wear and damage of the expensive types.
Letterpress was originally carried out on platen presses, in which the paper is pressed against the flat, inked form by a flat platen; later, the platen was replaced by a roller in the flat-bed cylinder press; still later, the printing form was wrapped around one cylinder and the paper was passed between this cylinder and a second, creating a rotary press (see printing).
Letterpress can produce work of high quality at high speed, but it requires much time to adjust the press for varying thicknesses of type, engravings, and plates. Because of the time needed to make letterpress plates and to prepare the press, many newspapers have changed to offset printing. To combat this trend, letterpress printers have developed printing plates made from a photosensitive plastic sheet that can be mounted on metal.
Source: Britannica.com
MSDS stands for Material Safety Datasheet. This document provides detailed information about the properties, hazards, handling, storage, and emergency measures related to a chemical product or substance. MSDSs are typically created by manufacturers, suppliers, or distributors of chemicals to ensure that users, such as workers, emergency responders, and consumers, have access to important safety information.
FDA stands for US Food and Drug Administration. Cosmetics are regulated under FDA. The Food and Drug Administration is responsible for protecting the public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of cosmetics.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Has Broad Authority to Regulate Cosmetics and Personal Care Products
Strong federal safety requirements govern cosmetics and personal care products sold in the U.S. It is a crime to market unsafe cosmetics products. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the U. S. Attorney General (AG) can take action against any company that markets an unsafe cosmetics product. The law provides severe penalties, including seizures, recalls, fines and bans, for cosmetics and personal care products manufacturers that do not meet these strict requirements.
DID YOU KNOW: All cosmetics and personal care products manufacturers are required by federal law to substantiate the safety of their finished products and ingredients.
The FDA has wide-ranging regulatory authority that helps to ensure the safety of cosmetics and personal care products. In the past, the FDA has infrequently had to exercise this power to limit or prohibit ingredients that it considered to be unsafe. Cosmetics and personal care products companies are committed to upholding strict FDA regulations.
The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) of 1938 and the Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act (MoCRA) of 2022 requires that every cosmetics product and its individual ingredients be substantiated for safety and that product labeling be truthful and not misleading. Cosmetics manufacturers are responsible for ensuring that products comply with the law before they are marketed. This process includes analyzing a cosmetic ingredient’s testing and safety data. If the manufacturer is unable to substantiate the safety of a product, the law requires the product to carry a conspicuous warning stating that its safety has not been substantiated.
The law provides severe penalties for products that do not meet these standards. Specifically, the law gives the FDA authority to:
- Ban or restrict cosmetics ingredients for safety reasons
- Mandate warning labels
- Inspect manufacturing facilities and records
- Issue warning letters
- Seize unsafe or misbranded products
- Prohibit unlawful activities
- Prosecute and jail violators
- Mandate product recalls
- Collect samples for examination and analysis as part of cosmetics plant inspections, import inspections and follow up to complaints of adverse reactions
- Conduct research on cosmetics and personal care products and ingredients to address safety concerns
- In addition to the FD&C Act and MoCRA, the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act authorizes the FDA to require ingredient labeling of cosmetics and personal care products sold to consumers. Detailed FDA regulations govern where and how ingredients must be listed on the package.
Cosmetics’ continued safety is ensured by the FDA’s regulatory program, as well as additional safety measures undertaken by the cosmetics and personal care products industry and the decades of safe use by consumers who trust and enjoy them every day.
Source: https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/
Cosing stands for Cosmetic ingredient database.
CosIng is the European Commission database for information on cosmetic substances and ingredients contained in the
- Cosmetics Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009EN of the European Parliament and of the Council
- Cosmetics Directive 76/768/EECEN (cosmetics directive), as amended
- Glossary of common ingredient names for the purpose of labelling cosmetic products placed on the market (as established by Decision (EU) 2019/701EN of 5 April 2019)
- Opinions on cosmetic ingredients of the Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (list of SCCS opinions)
CAS, ELINCS or EINECS numbers can be searched for in CosIng.
The database includes all data since the adoption of the Cosmetics Directive in 1976. Current data is listed as 'active', while historical data is listed as 'not active'.
Please note that ingredient assigned with an INCI name that appears in the inventory section of CosIng does not mean it is to be used in cosmetic products nor approved for such use.
Concerning ingredients used in cosmetic products as colorants, preservatives and UV filters, only those authorised in Annexes IV, V, respectively VI to Cosmetic Regulation No 1223/2009 are listed in CosIng
CosIng may also list ingredients known to be used in medicinal products.
If, due to such ingredients, a product restores, corrects, or modifies physiological functions by exerting a pharmacological, immunological or metabolic action, the product shall be qualified as a medicinal product. However, products that, while having an effect on the human body, do not significantly affect the metabolism and thus do not strictly modify the way in which it functions, may be qualified as cosmetic products.
The qualification of a product is to be decided by the national competent authorities, under the supervision of the courts, on a case-by-case basis, taking into account all the characteristics of the product.
In addition, the use of any ingredient in cosmetic products must be supported by a safety assessment of the product.
Reference data:
- Regulations: List of European regulations amending the Cosmetics Regulation.
- Annexes: List of annexes to the Cosmetics Regulation.
- Functions: List and definitions of possible functions of ingredients used in cosmetic products as
provided in the inventory. - Abbreviations: List of standard abbreviations used in the INCI names.
Colipa is the European trade association for cosmetic and personal care industry. Colipa represents the cosmetic industry at a national level where the association represents cosmetic and personal care manufacturers across Europe and beyond. The association represents a range number of innovative companies either directly or at national membership.
The need to have a product that is safe for the targeted group is important to both the producers and the consumers at large. Moreover, abiding by the set legislation in Europe requires that an umbrella body should be present to ensure quality. Individuals also like certified products that they feel safe when they use them. Over the last 50 years, Colipa has taken it on their shoulder it ensure consumers get the best product available on the market. During this period the organization has been the voice of cosmetic and personal care industry in Europe.
The association follows regulations set at the European level. As such the association in collaboration with other policymakers, it also makes sure that European regulation is as effective and appropriate as it could be. This makes our regulatory process understanding be not comparable to any other.
Source: www.colipa.eu
The physical quantity ‘viscosity’ gives information on how thick a fluid is and how easily it flows. In scientific terms, viscosity is the measure of a fluid’s internal flow resistance. It is the resistance which a fluid shows when being deformed.
In order to determine a fluid’s viscosity, you have to enter the field of viscometry, a subject area of a wider science called rheology. Rheology deals with the flow behavior and deformation of materials.
Imagine all materials as classified on a virtual scale from solid to liquid. Scientists specify solid materials as being elastic and liquids as being viscous. In everyday life, we mostly come across viscoelastic materials. That is, substances which are neither completely elastic, nor entirely viscous. According to a material’s properties, we either classify it as a viscoelastic solid (like e.g. sweet jelly) or as a viscoelastic liquid (like e.g. a yoghurt drink or shower gel).
The specific field of viscometry covers ideally viscous fluids, and – considering certain restrictions – also viscoelastic liquids, i.e. viscous fluids that contain an elastic portion. Fluids which flow easily show a low resistance to deformation. They are low-viscosity fluids. High-viscosity fluids resist deformation. Consequently, they do not flow easily.
What influences flow behavior?
- The substance's molecular structure
- The shear rate
- External conditions, like temperature or pressure
The dimensions of dynamic viscosity are force × time ÷ area. The unit of viscosity, accordingly, is newton-second per square metre, which is usually expressed as pascal-second in SI units.
Source: Official website of Anton-Paar and Britannica.com